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- 1. Official Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee Estimates, 20 October 2014, p160.
- 2. Proof Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee Estimates, 24 March 2017, p38.
- 3. Official Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee Additional Estimates, 23 February 2015, p137.
- 4. Transcript, Press Conference – Operation Sovereign Borders Update, 15 January 2014; DIBP, ‘Joint review of positioning of vessels engaged in Operation Sovereign Borders is completed’, 19 February 2014.
- 5. The Hon. Scott Morrison, Former Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, ‘Australian Government returns Sri Lankan People smuggling venture’ (Media release, 7 July 2014); The Hon. Scott Morrison, Former Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, ‘People smuggling venture returned to Sri Lanka’ (Media release, 29 November 2014); The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, ‘People smuggling venture returned to Sri Lanka,’ (Media Release, 19 February 2015); Department of Immigration and Border Protection, ‘Operation Sovereign Borders Monthly Update – February 2016’ (Media Release, 17 March 2016); The Hon. Peter Dutton MP, Press Conference, 9 May, Brisbane; The Hon. Peter Dutton MP, ‘People smuggling boat returned to Sri Lanka,’ (Media Release, 17 August 2016).
- 6. Official Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Budget Estimates, 25 May 2015, p110; Department of Immigration and Border Protection, ‘Operation Sovereign Borders Monthly update: June 2016, 28 July 2016.
- 7. Mark Solomons and George Roberts ‘Asylum seekers describe boat turn-back at centre of burns allegations’, ABC, 25 March 2014; Michael Bachelard, ‘Witness reveals asylum seeker 'suicide attempts' on high seas’ Sydney Morning Herald, 20 January 2014;
- 8. Official Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Estimates, 20 October 2014, p159-160.
- 9. Official Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Estimates, 25 February 2014.
- 10. Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia’s abuse of asylum-seekers at sea, 2015; Ben Doherty, ‘Asylum seekers turned back from Christmas Island found off West Timor’, The Guardian, 27 November 2015.
- 11. Michael Bachelard ‘First lifeboat used to return 56 asylum seekers’ Sydney Morning Herald, 17 January 2014; George Roberts, Mark Solomons and Lesley Robinson, ‘Passengers describe drama of turning asylum seeker boats back,’ ABC The 7.30 Report, 17 March 2014; Michael Bachelard, ‘Vomitous and terrifying: the lifeboats used to turn back asylum seekers’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 2 March 2014; Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia’s abuse of asylum-seekers at sea, 2015
- 12. Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia’s abuse of asylum-seekers at sea, 2015; George Roberts, ‘Indonesian police documents detail boat turn-back and alleged payments to people smuggling crew,’ ABC, 17 June 2015.
- 13. Peter Lloyd, ‘Asylum Seekers on Boats Turned Back to Indonesia Say Australian Navy Mistreated Them’, ABC News, 4 February 2014; George Roberts, ‘Reports of Australian Navy Forcing Asylum Boat Back to Indonesia’, ABC: The World Today, 7 January 2014; Oliver Laughland, ‘Tamil asylum seekers being held in windowless locked rooms’, The Guardian, 16 July 2014; Judith Ireland and Amilia Rose, ‘David Hurley Denies Defence Mistreated Asylum Seekers in Boat “Turn Back”’, Sydney Morning Herald, 9 January 2014.
- 14. Michael Bachelard, ‘Witness reveals asylum seeker 'suicide attempts' on high seas’ Sydney Morning Herald, 20 January 2014; Michael Bachelard, ‘Towed asylum seekers said to have jumped’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 Jan 2014; George Roberts, ‘Indonesia says Australian Navy 'pushed' back asylum seeker boat that ran aground’ ABC, 4 February 2014; Michael Bachelard, ‘Vomitous and terrifying: the lifeboats used to turn back asylum seekers’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 2 March 2014; Michael Bachelard, ‘'We were all sick': returned asylum seekers tell of lifeboat ordeal to Java’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 2 March 2014; AAP, ‘Rejected Christmas Island asylum seekers ‘arrive in West Timor’’, SBS News 27 November 2015.
- 15. George Roberts, ‘Incoming Foreign Minister Julie Bishop Says Coalition Will Negotiate With Indonesia on Asylum Seekers’, ABC News, 12 September 2013; ‘Indonesia ‘caught by surprise’ over Australia boat turn backs’, The Jakarta Globe, 21 May 2014; Amanda Hodge, ‘Boat turn-backs ‘could disturb bilateral relations’ Indonesia warns’, The Australian, 10 March 2016.
- 16. Official Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Estimates, 25 May 2015, p 120.
- 17. UNHCR Executive Committee, ‘Determination of Refugee Status’, Conclusion No. 8 (XXVIII), 12 October 1977, http://www.unhcr.org/3ae68c6e4.html; UNHCR, ‘Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees’, December 2011, http://www.unhcr.org/3d58e13b4.html [189–191]; UNHCR, ‘Procedural Standards for Refugee Status Determination under UNHCR’s Mandate’, September 2005, http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/42d66dd84.pdf; ‘Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Asylum Processes (Fair and Efficient Asylum Procedures)’, 31 May 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b36f2fca.html; UNHCR, ‘Building In Quality: A Manual on Building a High Quality Asylum System’, September 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e85b36d2.html.
- 18. Violeta Moreno-Lax, ‘Seeking Asylum in the Mediterranean: Against a Fragmentary Reading of EU Member States’ Obligations Accruing at Sea’ (2011) 23 International Journal of Refugee Law 174, 186.
- 19. See Maarten den Heijer, Europe and Territorial Asylum (Leiden University, 2011) 233, citing D Guilfoyle, Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009) 12–13, D P O’Connell, The International Law of the Sea, Vol I (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982) 1058, A Shearer, ‘Problems of Jurisdiction and Law Enforcement against Delinquent Vessels’ (1986) 35 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 320, 330.
- 20. Stephen Legomsky, ‘The USA and the Caribbean Interdiction Program’ (2006) 18 International Journal of Refugee Law 677; Donald M Kerwin, The Faltering US Refugee Protection System: Legal and Policy Responses to Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Others in Need of Protection (Migration Policy Institute, May 2011) 31.